There are at least two films of 20 years ago that I would like to reflect on at their anniversary.
One is my ongoing weekly piece for Lent, culminating in Easter Sunday’s sermon – Chocolat.
The other has been a more profound and regular experience for me, but a more controversial one. I hesitate to tell people that I’ve watched it, let alone own it. If they don’t already know what the film is about, then I hesitate even more. I make clear that I abhor the Marquis De Sade – his books and his practices. There is much in the film which makes me flinch, and I will turn the sound down or even fastforward certain scenes and speeches. It’s a DVD I still keep out of sight.
I firstly explain why I saw that film at its British general release in February 2001, and why I saw it again. I would have passed over it, were it not for the involvement of Kate Winslet [see tag cloud to the right]. I watch all of her films, but bucked at attending an 18 certificate about this infamous post Revolutionary French writer, whose pain inducing declivities gave us an adjective named after him. I think I knew that the film wouldn’t be showing these. Something personal influenced a heartwringing decision to find out what this film was like. I found a companion to see it with, but several friends were shocked I went.
I was anxious as I sat in my local multiplex. I might’ve been tempted to leave at the first scene, of a drawn out, semi erotic public execution by guillotine. The next scene was more reassuring: as ever, the impending horror cut away to something else: the eyes and voice of Kate Winslet, a laundry maid, collecting the linens of a certain inmate in Charenton asylum for the insane. In the dirty sheets are dirty writing, to be slipped to a waiting man on horseback outside the gates, whose printing presses are… I decline to turn that into a Geoffrey Rush as Sadean simile.
I felt fearful and weighed down during and after the film. I wrote that I felt psychologically sordid and reviled for seeing it. My companion hadn’t liked it either.
Then the film came to the local arts cinema. I’m not sure why I went again; was it the description in the brochure, something I’d read in one of the many magazines I collected about the film? It was talked about in intellectual terms about literature and censorship. It involved a liberal priest. And Kate Winslet. Had I gotten something wrong?
This time I was alone, and I was in a busy house of artier and often agier people. An octogenarian behind guffawed throughout, and I realised that Quills is meant to be funny. I kept my eyes open for more scenes. The film was beginning to transform. I even went again, and this time, I did not shut my eyes at all, although I prepared to. Now I knew what was coming and when. Actually, the offence was mainly auditory – in the words spoken. Now I considered it among the best films I had seen.
When the DVD was released later that year, with a full set of extras, I hesitated. Perhaps I would be able to better understand with a full writer’s commentary and featurettes? I did… but I was not ever able to embrace the 1995 play on which the film is based. Base is the word. It was Kate who suggested that her character, Madeleine, love the Abbé in charge of the asylum. This is central to the film, and without it, the play – which went further than the film – is a cold ‘encyclopaedia of perversions’. I sent it back to Amazon and do not intend to re-read it.
I shared Quills with a group and had intended to on a course I taught. But I had forgotten, rather than become inured to, the potentially shocking horror scenes, and I ended up having to reassure my community about the very concerns I’d had when I first saw it. It’s a responsible thing, choosing a film which you introduce to a posse, not the public. I decided that I didn’t feel comfortable to show Quills in its entirety in such a setting again, although it wasn’t helped by the group’s general response to the film.
In early 2009 – eight years after the film’s release – I wrote an article for my new found web presence. It’s no longer there, so I reproduce it at the bottom of this. It was called “A Christian response to Quills”. One reader was pleasantly surprised that it was not the outraged moral diatribe which she expected, but welcomed debate and challenge, and recognised the film as superbly crafted.
Yet my more recent viewings have elicited a different view.
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A chief reason that this film entered and remained in my life is its place in my own writing. I published a novel and am still redrafting the sequel, which has required huge personal work and very complicated multi-layered writing. Parallel Spirals is a story within a story, and it celebrates the power of story and its place in our own. The characters watch a film in the very cinema that I saw Quills in for the second and third times which has the kind of power over them and compulsion that this did on me. My inner story is a film I created, a subversion of Jane Eyre called Eyres and Graces. It too comes in two parts and the sequel finishes the sequel of my novel. It is not about Quills, but draws on the experience of seeing it, and another film involving the same actress which I first watched at the time. My story doesn’t involve a Marquis de Sade, although as I type that, I can see a parallel with someone. I can reassure that although my own story is also for an adult audience, it won’t involve scenes of the sort I feared in Quills, and nor does it describe them.
I like to choose reading and watching to match what I’m writing. When I enter the Eyres and Graces parts of my novel, I seek out something to keep those parts of the long-gestated story alive. Quills has often been part of that. They both involve sensuous but lovable women in overwashed petticoats who are confined to the grounds of a large mansion, servants and ministers, and people who find solace in writing. For that third layer, I drew on another film I saw at that time: like Quills, a story woven around a real person of controversy, a European writer concerned with sex: Veronica Franco. That inner story is called The Nun and The Courtesan. Not unlike the pornographer and the priest in Quills, plus maid.
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What I wanted to say about Quills now ties it into a most contemporary parable. Quills is about confinement, censorship, forbidding. It is about controlling through health. It asks if the worst of abusers can be rehabilitated, or punished. A man of God is usurped by a man of science on the orders of the highest political power. It is set in a land who has experienced a bloody revolution whose ghost still haunts. The people almost revelled in destroying the oppressing elite, but the ruling aristocracy was replaced by not just a monarch, but an emperor. France needed further revolutions quite swiftly.
France of the late 18th century believed that an entirely new era was coming. We too, globally, have the opportunity for such a restart. We are discovering horrors of the sort that the Marquis committed, or his characters do, the most base acts that can be done to another. It seems that these are done for the benefit and pleasure of the perpetrators on minors and other vulnerable people. What can we do with Bluebeard when his cellar is opened? I’m thinking much about judgement, and my beliefs about punishment and the kinds which are permissible in a moral and just society, run on love. None of Dr Royer-Collard’s fit that description, and neither does the mass guillotining of blue blood. But what then? Some of you may not yet know to what I refer. Sadly, you will. It is Bluebeard and de Sade on a mass scale.
There are also the atrocities above ground and in plain sight, such as those in Quills glimpsed being done to extras by nuns and a so-called doctor, to assist ‘ill’ people and make them ‘better’. The premise of Charenton asylum that people who are deemed not to have culpability and cognitive ability are entombed, held within dark corridors and single occupancy cells, for which they do not have the key. They are taken there on someone else’s orders, someone considered more qualified’s diagnosis, to get well. Or at least, be kept safe and out of the way. They are infantilised, restricted, watched over. They seem to have no or few visitors. Their length of stay does not seem up for review.
I am thinking of something else starting with the letter q, referenced in a recent post.
Then there is the public association – banned by a wealthy man appointed by the highest authority who does not understand or care about the needs of the wards of the asylum. Theatre was their joy; it also gave pleasure to others. It also brought in an income – we wonder where the high salary of the doctor is coming from. He is prepared to make draconian threats without warning and discussion, even throw out the 200 people living at Charenton and giving them nowhere to go but a grave in the gutter. He does not consider the people working at Charenton, who all seem to live there, who perhaps have known no other life. Maddie seems to have grown up there, following her mother’s footsteps. We note that her mother lost her sight via work hazards, but no-one seems to be compensating and finding justice for her, or preventing the same happening to others.
Meanwhile, the doctor is secure in his château, gifted by the emperor, and a salary suffice to refurbish it.
His supply of marble and silk will be reimbursed via manipulating the Marquis’ wife into making money out of the man he is sent to prohibit; his supply of nubile flesh comes courtesy of the church, who also benefited. His recommendations for therapy are clearly torture, but his tall hat, big house, introduction from the court, and title give Royer-Collard the right to advise and direct over the more familiar and kind-hearted leader. Royer-Collard’s history should concern us, for he is making more of the same.
Seeing the parallel?
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In recent viewings, I decided that the story is often abusive. Almost every instance of sexuality is someone taking advantage of another, often a younger, less experienced person. Each time, the abuser is a man. Only one person is set free, and by her own instigation, but it’s not really a love story as much as a sexual liaison which gives her the chance to escape. The diabolical doctor doesn’t get his comeuppance. It’s the kindhearted priest who is taken down, rather that elevating, as he intended. Although the author explains that the ending isn’t all negative, for writing is the Abbe’s salvation, I found that stronger and more positive in another French film about a real, controversial writer: Violette. I can feel like the walls of Charenton – an unhealthy green and dripping.
I don’t like to state that I am ascending and sound arrogant but I think on my spiritual quest that I am re-evaluating many things. I don’t think that writing, with its necessary tensions and blend of dark and light, which I believe we also need in life, will go even if the Age of Aquarius is all we wish it to be. But I do question why art house cinema often equals misery, and we call misery real and happiness and hope cheesy and less good quality. Hollywood gives your dreams: arthouse crushes them.
Yes, the world can be as base as the Marquis’s writing, and include the cruelties we see in the film to those who are incarcerated. But we also have the other capacity, as the Abbé says. And we can transform through art, absolutely.
A Christian Response to Quills
“This book is a threat to decent people everywhere,” says Dr Royer-Collard (Michael Caine) of the Marquis de Sade’s lewd novel, Justine. Could the same be said of the play and the film Quills, from which the quote comes? I feel embarrassed at confessing to having seen a film on the Marquis de Sade, the man whose sexual perversions gave us ‘sadism’. It includes violence, bad language, explicit sexual references and blasphemy.
So why did I bother going to see the film?
I was intrigued by this Oscar nominated film which has been praised as ‘intelligent’ and ‘quite brilliant’, with high calibre actors being drawn by the outstanding quality of the screenplay (by Doug Wright). its self confessed theme is that of artistic censorship, using the Marquis as a figure to weave an argument around. Housed in a 19th century asylum, the Marquis is forbidden to write after surreptitiously publishing a novel that shocks (or delights) all France, and a battle of wits ensues as he goes to ever more extreme measures to continue…
So is this film “nothing more than an encyclopaedia of perversions” (as Caine also says of Justine), or masterpiece of moral philosophy in drama?
To decry the film seems to beg the Marquis’ question: “are your convictions so fragile that they cannot stand in opposition to mine? Is your God so flimsy, so weak?” I find fleeing from controversy a form of cowardice and rise to the challenge, especially as it directly includes the Church, and we have only the mouth of Joaquin Phoenix’s liberal Abbé de Coulmier (who runs the asylum) to speak up for us. He puts De Sade in perspective: “You’re not the antichrist! You’re just a malcontent who knows how to spell!”
Quills shows little violence or sex: most of the film is dialogue, although there are some scenes I am still uncomfortable with. It is exaggerated, often very funny, human and touching with a convincing central romance. The characters are vivid and unstarched by period drama.
Its central premise is a timely question when the boundaries of film censorship are being tested. It is superbly structured ‘escalating frenzy’ with succinct synopses of philosophical debate in rich language.
Both sides of the argument are given: the violent acts committed seem to stem from the Marquis’ story, insinuating that those who have a more laissez faire attitude must consider those incapable of telling fact from fiction. Equally, the Marquis claims that he writes a work of fiction, not a moral treatise, and he writes what he observes as the eternal truths: the most base of human nature; he says that elevating the human soul to higher things is the job of the Church. But it leaves the viewer with the right to make up their own mind.
Quills has a tendency to elevate the writer’s creative needs above all else in society, and perhaps the East Anglian newspaper reviewer who stated that Quills is full of its own self importance did not charge unfairly. But there are other themes which interest me more. The most central and relevant to me is redemption. It challenges me as a Christian: is it for us to say where God draws the line at forgiveness and where humanity has taken leave? Dr Royer-Collard, Michael Caine’s alienist sent to cure the Marquis, uses discipline to yield self improvement. But is denial and punishment the way forward? Or is the Abbé’s approach of befriending and encouraging the channelling of one’s demons as a form of catharsis (such as the Marquis’s writing) more fruitful? We see the pitfalls of both: the hypocrisy of the supposedly upright doctor, and that repression has equal dangers as too much freedom – something the Church needs to learn.
The Marquis’ tenet that “to know virtue, one must first be acquainted with vice” is a refraction of Romans 1: we have the law so we know what sin is. The only thing the film really incites is debate, not debauchery. The film certainly inspired lots of thoughts for me – not perverted or disturbed ones, but really involved issues that few films have the courage to address.
Chocolat for this week will appear anon